Hello Maik,
It works!, Your Simple Adapter. It was very easy: make the circuit board (connections), solder, buy the connector from Geist-electronic (expensive and without a cover!), plug it in, and it works. Therefore, I would like to thank you very much for your work and for publishing it. The timing was very convenient for me due to various problems with my Golf and Galaxy.

Improvements:
Solding is quite fiddly due to the large surface areas; those who don't use a solder stop paste have difficulty. Couldn't one simply use a large surface on the component side?
C12 and C13 are incorrectly polarized.
I've given the SAE J1962 connector half a cover from a 25-pin Sub-D connector, so that the cable at least has some strain relief. The whole thing doesn't look particularly good when wrapped in a lot of tape, but it holds.
I had a successful test drive with a Ford Galaxy (AFN engine), it was freezing cold. The communication with the control unit is somewhat insecure, I probably need to fine-tune it further. Currently, both potentiometers are in the middle position.
Best regards,
Helmut