If driving without an EGR system is already considered "illegal" and the emissions test (ASU) is less problematic without it than with it, why should the proper functioning of the catalytic converter cause any headaches?
Based on my assessment, the catalytic converter should not be damaged, meaning that after activating the EGR system, it should function as it did before.
But it won't be checked, as long as the diesel emissions test only focuses on the particulate matter (PM) level.
I didn't know that either; that means if I replace the cat with a fake cat, it won't even be noticed during the inspection?
As far as I can (theoretically) estimate, that's correct - as long as the inspector only focuses on the k-value and not on the noise.
If you're hoping to get more performance out of it: several people have probably already tried that, without success. Occasionally, something is written about it here.