Okay, so last week I disassembled the injectors. Afterwards, I cleaned them in an ultrasonic bath at 70°C using the appropriate ultrasonic cleaning concentrate (Tickopur Tr 13) for about 10 minutes. I didn't notice anything visually unusual about the injectors. The pressure cones at the top of the nozzles were slightly worn compared to new ones, which isn't surprising after 350,000 km. The injector bodies had some carbon buildup... but that's also normal, I would say. There were some slight crescent-shaped scratches on the injector bodies caused by the one-sided mounting of the injectors in the cylinder head... but I've seen it worse even with less mileage.
The sealing rings were completely replaced, and the wiring harness was also renewed.
The wiring harness is really difficult to install and remove, because the engine is mounted longitudinally and the access opening is located on the side of the fender.
After the engine finally started after a long period of struggling, I immediately noticed a smoother and quieter engine operation compared to before.
"Meanwhile, I've been driving again for a week, and the engine is running perfectly in all operating conditions."
I can't say for sure what ultimately fixed the problem, but I think it's definitely a good idea to participate in all these activities if you're already there.
Until then

.