Well, the guy who drives the gasoline car always puts diesel in it...
The lamp (as if by magic) has stopped working again today (after just a few days).
I worked carefully, meaning I directly tapped into the connectors under the STG (control unit) according to the VOLVO wiring diagram and ran the wires into the interior (pins 2 and 3). There, I can measure a value of 6 ohms.
I might also need to adjust the resistance of the circuit (either lower or higher --> I'm not sure yet, as I'm not an electronics expert, even though I assembled the circuit myself).
...have a wonderful holiday!