Okay, just the turbocharger from the 150 HP engine, with the A6 intercooler.
It would not achieve anything more than simply increasing the excess air.
TDI engines already operate with an excess of air, so adding more air wouldn't make a noticeable difference in terms of performance.
You would then need to readjust the injection amount.
I suspect that the PD (pump-injector) elements might not be able to handle the larger injection volume, as they already start injecting fuel much earlier due to the chip. You would need a larger cross-section for the injectors for it to work properly. Have you looked into how much a PD element costs?
You would have to completely remove the entire head from the engine to replace it.
'I have injectors from a 5-cylinder Caravelle installed, but I have a standard TDI, not a PD engine. So, changing the injectors isn't a big problem for me. P.S.: I'm still using the same turbocharger, and the excess air is still sufficient even with the larger injectors.'
Unlike the PD version, you would need to obtain the PD components from a 150 model, and then also adjust the software and the charger, etc.
It's far too complicated and expensive to further upgrade a PD engine beyond the performance gains achievable with a chip tuning. There's a lot of money involved, and we never have enough of it anyway

.
Is

it still not enough performance for you?
Well, once you've tasted blood, you don't forget, do you?
I know

.