Regarding brake cleaner, the two affected door lock cylinders just laughed.

Nothing happened. I am aware that WD40 does more than just lubricate. So far, I have always used fine mechanical oil for delicate parts. Apart from the fact that this stuff attracts dust and dirt like a magnet, it has generally kept its (manufacturer's) promise. The automatic antenna of my current wife's car, which was previously not working properly, could be coaxed back into fully retracting the telescope with this oil and also a lot of patience.
It seems the problem lies in the lock itself within the driver's door, rather than in the mechanics behind it. Otherwise, there would have been at least some noticeable play in the lock. However, it doesn't move even a millimeter. So far, I had hoped to avoid having to remove it. Apparently (I've done some research!), it's not even that bad on the driver's door. The lock is housed in the metal of the driver's door and is not (as with most other vehicles) part of the so-called "door handle." It should be removable like a mailbox lock. The central locking mechanism behind it needs to be carefully detached. Carefully, because everything is made of plastic. Anyone who uses excessive force will have to buy new central locking components.
The tailgate lock should be a bit more complicated. For clarification: This is the so-called "Phase 3" of the Twingo 1 and has a locking cylinder integrated into the Renault rhombus that serves as the tailgate handle. The previous models have a simple push button there instead of a lock. A simpler solution would have been sufficient and would have required less work.
Within my circle of friends, I received the recommendation to remove the driver's side door lock and heat it in the oven at the lowest setting. This is supposed to remove any dirt, and then everything can be cleaned out with WD-40. Of course, you should then lubricate it after it cools down. There were no suggestions for the tailgate lock.