'Suddenly, my 1z TDI engine in my T3 bus lost oil pressure. My initial suspicion fell on the turbocharger, as there was a black liquid visible on the exhaust. So, I removed the turbo, but it looked completely fine, with no signs of oil.' The black liquid on the exhaust was therefore just wet soot (damn rainy weather).
So, the search continued until I found the vacuum pump, and sure enough, the retaining screw was broken, and the pump had moved upwards, preventing it from driving the oil pump anymore.
The engine only has 60,000 km on it.
I suppose the torque applied to the screw was too high.
Hopefully, the engine or turbocharger hasn't suffered any consequential damage.