Hello Roland,
In older control systems, there were application-specific control units that differed significantly from the standard devices (sometimes even including 19-inch racks with different, more powerful processors).
After the development was completed and all relevant control parameters were determined, the results were then transferred to the - significantly more cost-effective - target assembly (e.g., with an 8051 processor).
It is certainly not possible to retrofit these devices with an Appl.STG system.
Since the introduction of flash memory in mass-produced devices, it has been possible to modify the software without having to replace the memory chips (similar to, for example, a BIOS update on a PC).
Assuming the hardware has sufficient processing power, such a device could certainly be used as an application controller. However, manufacturers are unlikely to include the necessary software for that purpose in the standard product (which would be nice for tuners, of course; after running it through a disassembler

).
'In my opinion, such a device could be achieved by installing the appropriate software on the application control unit. The only thing needed is the software itself.'
ST has now introduced Flash components that have encrypted areas. If such components are used, the adaptation software could be left inside.
'All that's missing are the (hardware) keys to activate it, and the tools (like INCA) to use them.'
The use of INCA and similar tools in the 'hobby' sector is likely to be quite limited, especially since special adapters are often required.
For diagnostic purposes, VAG-COM is sufficient. For chip tuning, the traditional methods using a hex editor, disassembler, simulator, etc., are usually the only option.
Best regards, Rudi.