Thank you for the answers.
The multimeter test revealed that the "+"/"RES" button does not release after being pressed – it remains engaged until the "-"/"SET" button is pressed.
Now I know why the switches were on special offer at VW - probably a batch with defects

.
You can also check this with a built-in switch (at least in the Golf IV) by simply opening the upper steering column cover. However, it's helpful to use a cable with a 10-pin connector (e.g., an old computer cable) to extend the connection.
Here's the configuration I tested:
(therefore, disconnect the power supply connection for SW/BL (T10s/6)).
blue (T10s/2): "+" / "RES"
red/yellow (T10s/3): "-" / "SET"
white (T10s/5): "ON + ACTIVE" (i.e., opens when switched from the ON position to the OFF position).
sw/gn (T10s/4) (T10s/7): "ON"
bl/sw (T10s/6): Power supply, Class 15.