Hi,
I once tried to sketch out (roughly) the internal structure of the transmission units.
Crash course on engine control units.
'Der schnelle braune Fuchs springt über den faulen Hund.'
The control units that are located in modern motor vehicles...
consist of the following functional groups:
- Data preprocessing.
'Der schnelle braune Fuchs springt über den faulen Hund.'
Sizes such as temperatures, pressures, frequencies, currents, etc., are processed in this way.
so that they can be processed by the controller.
- Communication
'Der schnelle braune Fuchs springt über den faulen Hund.'
The internal signals are processed in a way that allows the controller to...
can communicate with its environment (using CAN, RS232, RS422, ISO9141, etc.).
- Power supply
'Der schnelle braune Fuchs springt über den faulen Hund.'
The on-board voltage will be processed to provide a stable 5V supply.
comes out.
- Output driver
Certainly, please provide the German text you would like me to translate into English. I will only provide the translation.
Control of various actuators. For example, in VP-TDi systems, this includes quantity setting devices.
Exhaust gas recirculation, injection timing, ...
- Processor core
'Der schnelle braune Fuchs springt über den faulen Hund.'
The processing core controls and regulates the entire system. It can be divided into the following components:
Split subgroups:
-- Controller
CPU, which – unlike, for example, the CPU in a PC – usually already includes a wide variety of...
It includes functions for use in an embedded control unit (UART, timer, etc.).
ADC, DAC, etc.).
Older TDI engine control units (ECUs) often used chips like the 80C517 from Siemens.
(MSA11, MSA12), of which two were required; one for...
the control of boost pressure and the control of fuel injection volume; in these.
Therefore, STGs have two complete processor cores.
More recent engine control units (ECUs) often use components like the C166 or C167 from Infineon (formerly Siemens).
Unfortunately, I can't tell you what's currently included in those specific products, as I haven't been updated with that information yet.
I haven't gotten my hands on any to take apart

.
-- Program memory
In the very old programmable logic controllers (PLCs), there were EPROMs inside (with glass windows; they could be erased).
and reprogrammed). Later, OTPs (One-Time Programmable) emerged, which are also...
EPROMs, but without the glass window (making erasing impossible). These were often already pre-programmed.
SMD components used. Both types had to be programmed before being installed into the control unit.
'Flash building blocks have been used for some time now, and they are integrated into the control unit.'
can be programmed.
The actual program of the ECU and the characteristic maps are stored in the program memory.
-- Memory
RAM: This is where the controller can store data during program execution.
This data is volatile! That means: if the power goes out, the data is lost.
-- Parameter storage
EEPROM: This type of memory is non-volatile and can be written to and erased during runtime.
This memory stores parameters such as encoding (transmission type, etc.), immobilizer data, and...
GRA, various adjustments... This building block also includes the error memory!
@ Cord
It's not that difficult to identify the EEPROM type, as at least the manufacturer's logo is usually printed on it. Then you have to review all relevant datasheets and hopefully find the correct one by examining the pin configuration. You'll likely have to guess the memory size.
The source for the comparison table would interest me

.
Best regards, Rudi.