It was a bit fiddly (I didn't have a lift), but first, you need to pull the connector out from the top, then loosen the retaining screw from the bottom with a 9mm wrench, and after that, you can pull out the distance sensor.
Unfortunately, the guy in the parts department gave me a WSS for a different transmission, because, as I discovered, the 6-speed manual transmission uses contactless (probably inductive?) measurement. The part number for my transmission, which is the DRW transmission, is: 1J0 919 149A. He gave me a 1H0 919 149C.
During the disassembly, I also noticed that the contacts were completely dirty and corroded. (The connector can also fill up with water from the top.)
First, it was thoroughly cleaned and the rust was carefully removed, but the speedometer still doesn't show any speed.
Given that the ambient temperature is always freezing and the fuel gauge frequently drops to zero for short periods when driving on curves or over bumps (please refuel 'Piiiiiiiiiep'), the combination instrument is probably faulty.
I won't know if the distance sensor is also defective until I replace the instrument cluster.