Most likely salt damage. The cause was probably very small stone chips that damaged the clear coat layer. The rest happens on its own.
In my opinion, polished and sealed aluminum alloy wheels are not built to last forever. I would have them bead-blasted with ice or glass beads and then insist that the painter I trust least applies the coating. I would also have them repainted and perhaps ask the painter not to "cure" the clear coat quite as intensely, as this makes it more resistant.
Automobile Zeitzeugen: |SUZUKI Swift Sport (2008)| |Smart 450 (2002)| |Honda CB 125 F (2018)|