Brief update:
The ribbed screw is tightened to 65 Nm.
I tightened the screws for the axle shaft (axle trunnion) to 35 Nm. This is the usual torque value for an M8 (10.9) screw.
I actually replaced these screws because they were completely rusted. After all, the entire rear wheel (and therefore my health) is attached to them

. In fact, two of the screws had even broken off and could only be removed by welding a flat piece of metal onto them (fortunately, there was still a small piece of about 3-4 mm protruding

), otherwise it would have been a real pain.
At the same time, I removed the rust and applied a protective coating to the axle stub and mounting surface.
Über den Zustand dieser wichtigen Teile war ich enttäuscht

, da das Fahrzeug an sich einen sehr guten Zustand hat (8,5 Jahre bei mir in 1. Hand).
'Of course, you can only see the condition of the screws after removing the brake disc, so essentially, never! If I hadn't changed the brake discs myself, the workshop would have simply installed new ones and that would have been the end of it.'
It appears that no preservatives were used during the manufacturing process. Also, the new, original screws are 'black' and untreated (not galvanized or cadmium-plated).
Of course, you can't simply grease these screws with oil or wax, as they are very close to the friction surface of the brake disc. However, a very thin layer of copper paste might not hurt in this case.