Update:
Yesterday, I replaced all the hydraulic lifters, including the rocker arms.
Some of the linkage levers were quite worn on the "Hydrositz" (hydraulic seat), so we replaced them all at the same time.
The timing belt has been replaced and properly tensioned.
The "egg-shaped" camshaft gear was also replaced.
Conclusion: The engine is running just as poorly as before.
There is still a significant difference between the desired and actual injection start time (see attached image).
I was also told that the injection amount is far too high, at 7.2 mg/H (see the attached image).
For a vehicle with the same design, even with a newly refurbished pump, the injection quantity is 5.0 mg/H.
I'm now quite certain that my newly refurbished fuel injection pump is the cause, or what do you think?
I will return the pump to the company for a re-inspection.
Sure, here is the translation of the text from German to English:
"LG" is an abbreviation for "Liebe Grüße," which means "Best regards" or "Best wishes" in English.