Herbert, the jerking you're experiencing is reduced when you press the clutch pedal because that action shifts the engine control unit (ECU) into a different operating mode.
There is an electric switch located on the clutch pedal for that purpose.
When this is activated, the motor responds much more aggressively and makes it easier to start.
It's not the slipping belt because the jerking also occurs without the belt.
Could it also be a carbon buildup in the intake manifold (everything is still original, and the EGR system is fully functional)?
What remains are issues with the PDEs and the wiring harness.
Even just defining the partial differential equations (PDEs) can lead to huge, unsolvable problems due to the fitting process in the ZK (presumably referring to a specific context or software). Overtaking would cost 1600 euros.
I used a cleaning agent for that reason.
I can still easily exchange the PDE wiring harness. Will it make a difference?
I am assuming a 20% success rate

.
Tomorrow I'm going to the VW parts department and I'll let you know what happens.
Exchanging the PDE is no longer an option due to the costs (including the new registration certificate). The money would be better invested in a car later on.