Hello,
As I can see, no one has had such a problem, or I may have missed a similar experience in the search

. Well, I'll have to take another look.
Anyway, I had the timing belt replaced today and took it for a short test drive on the highway, during which I drove at full load for about 5 minutes (using the method described in the first post).

MIRACLE

After that, everything was fine, so there was no limp mode, no matter which gear I was in, and even above 3000 RPM. I'm a little relieved now, but:
I'm really curious to know what it was. Why did the engine run in emergency mode?
I know, I know, I'm just asking, and there could be hundreds of possible answers, but I still want to know, whether it's a guess or the correct answer. After all, for me, even a guess is a learning experience, since I can't even begin to guess what it might be.
Unfortunately, no one came up with a brilliant idea

.
Thank you for your understanding.