Okay. I had the pump recalibrated.
It was significantly delayed.
(After the last timing belt replacement, there were no problems...)
(I didn't take advantage of those opportunities back then, so I just let them pass.)
At

5 degrees and 50% relative humidity, my engine starts now.
completely normal, just like with 100% diesel.
(Also without any tricks, like extra glow...)
I thought something like that would be noticeable with diesel engines too.
but it was a misconception.
What else I've noticed is:
at speeds of 70-80 km/h in 5th gear (i.e., 1500-1700 RPM).
There was a slight stutter or hesitation when the accelerator pedal was pressed about halfway.
I would rather say 'swing' in the context of acceleration.
It's gone now!