Hello Martin,
I've worked extensively with USB professionally (programming USB device firmware for mass production). Transferring 8MB at High-Speed (480 Mbit/s) is definitely not guaranteed. However, based on my assessment, VCDS might be able to function with Low-Speed (1.5 Mbit/s), which could potentially allow for the transfer of 8MB. It's likely, though, that it will be implemented as a Full-Speed device with a transfer rate of 12 Mbit/s. It's likely that the transmission is no longer working there.
Do yourself a favor and use a USB hub or repeater. There are plenty of devices that are bus-powered, meaning they can operate without their own power supply. Some models even allow for high-power USB devices (500mA), which isn't strictly USB compliant (a PC provides 500mA, and the hub/repeater would then need to have zero power consumption). Since the diagnostic interface probably doesn't use the full 500mA, and the PC usually provides more power anyway, I would prefer this solution to avoid using an external power supply.
USB-Spec compliant hubs/repeaters only allow low-power devices to draw up to 100mA of current. (I haven't yet checked how much current the VCDS actually reports to the laptop.) Perhaps that would even be enough.
Just use an active USB extension cable. At
www.Reichelt.de, you can find a 5-meter long Bebel cable for €7, with the product number AK USBV2 AA-5.
"Additionally, there's one with a length of 10 meters (product number: DELOCK 82446). If the image is accurate, it wouldn't meet the USB specifications, as a repeater would need to be built into the cable every 5 meters, which isn't visible in the picture." Therefore, I would recommend using 1-2 of the 5-meter long cables (up to five links in a chain is not a problem according to the specifications).
PS: I just realized that you didn't include the cable length of the diagnostic interface itself in the specifications. That adds another 1.5 meters (?), and it definitely won't work passively anymore.
Regards,
Hendrik.