First of all, thank you for your responses.
I understand that the screw somehow came loose. I'm also very frustrated that I went to a VW dealership. However, the car is now at the workshop, and there's not much I can do about it right now. I guess I'll just have to 'bite the bullet.'
But it can't be right that you have to pay €400 for the replacement of fully functional parts (wheel carriers, wheel bearings) just because VW has a corrosion problem here, or because the workshop is incompetent.
This screw also needs to be removed if, for example, the driveshaft or the axle boot (another common wear item on the Passat) needs to be replaced.
Is there an internal VW regulation regarding this? Is there any goodwill offered on the parts? Is anything known about this?
Or do I have to accept that at some point the other side might not be released, and then another €400 will be due?
That is not acceptable

.
Greetings.
Peter.