Hello.
Now that I've finally figured out that the ambient pressure sensor in my engine control unit (part number 028 906 021 AT) is defective, I need to replace it. Does anyone know anything about the characteristics of this sensor? I would appreciate any information.
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Okay, so to wrap things up: I received a used engine control unit, part number 028 906 021 F. It was originally installed in an Audi. However, I couldn't install the entire control unit in my Passat because the brake light switch data is read in a complementary way. So, I desoldered the ambient pressure sensor from the Audi control unit and installed it in my own control unit.
And now, it's all starting again, let's see how long it lasts....'

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Considering that the new part would have cost 900 euros, I'm quite happy with what I paid: 35 euros for the used part and 30 euros for the wastegate valve (replaced as a precaution). The dealership would have definitely wanted 1500-2000 euros.
For electronics technicians:
The defect in the sensor could also be detected using a voltmeter connected directly to the sensor.
Thank you all again.