After much deliberation and a vacation spent in the workshop, the problem is finally resolved.
The cause of the rattling was the output from the STG's mass flow meter!! 'Furthermore, the diesel pump was replaced at the same time, as its fuel injection control system was also no longer functioning optimally due to the high mileage, although this did not necessarily affect the rough running issue.'
If you're at a loss with your diesel engine and need a reliable service provider in the Nuremberg area, please contact me via private message. Here, you will receive fair assistance and not be ripped off like some repair shops that carry out fault diagnosis by random principle
Best regards