First of all, thank you for the quick response!
It's an ATD engine with approximately 203,000 kilometers on it.
The valve cover is new; I compared it to the old one, and the mentioned guiding plastic piece was "not" present on the old one.
I already replaced the fuel injectors.

My question concerned the removal of carbon buildup in/between the piston rings.
I'm currently adjusting the end stop of the V-slot, which is also a funny and exciting thing to do, especially because, unlike what I've read in this forum, it behaves differently in my case

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According to my vcds readings, the area where I should have the greatest pressure difference is now showing absolutely no pressure.
I'm currently heading in the direction where I had the lower value, and it's improving.
(I replaced the VTG control module. I had already transferred the settings, but the screw head on the old one was already rounded off, and the lever also showed signs of wear.)
Right now, I'm also dealing with something else.
"To break in the engine with hydraulic lifters, I used 10W30 oil and added 120ml of Liqui Moly Engine Flush."
Now, I either have a 1-cylinder head gasket oil leak or a problem with the new oil seal on the crankshaft

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Yes, and my question is, what causes such severe carbon buildup on the injector nozzle?
It was also the injector nozzle from the first cylinder, which was heavily carbonized.
..due to the leaky head gasket, that's why the pressure loss of 4 bar???
Thank you in advance for any response!
Best regards,
Anton.