Chip Tuning: Causes of Soot & How to Fix

Hello,
I'm experiencing a strange problem:
I have a 1.9 TDI engine with 110 horsepower.
Year of manufacture: 1997
Mileage: 120,000 km
Engine code: AFN
and I bought him different chips four weeks ago.
After the modifications, it should have approximately 140 horsepower.
After just a few kilometers, I noticed that it was producing a lot of smoke when I accelerated. So, I went back to the tuner, who reduced the power output slightly, but the smoke unfortunately remained. When I checked with a diagnostic tool, I found that the mass airflow sensor was giving incorrect readings.
Okay, I removed the K and N filters, put the original filters back in, and there you go.
Unfortunately, there's no more smoke, but performance has also been lost. The engine simply doesn't have the same punch as it did with the K&N filter.
Now the question:
Do I need a new mass airflow sensor? Or is this normal behavior due to the chip tuning?
I'm really at a loss and I'm already thanking everyone for any advice they can offer.

Best regards, Max.

Hello,

What values did the "defective" mass airflow sensor (MAF) report?
Normally, a faulty mass airflow sensor (MAF sensor) causes less soot.
What is the regulated boost pressure of your tuning chip?

Best regards, Rainer.

Hi,
After the chip tuning, it's normal for the engine to make a bit more noise, but it shouldn't be excessive. At night, when viewed in the headlights of other cars, the noise might seem louder than it actually is.

Unfortunately, all I can say is that the LMM (mass airflow sensor) was showing readings that were too high (and the mechanics in the workshop weren't keen on letting me watch them work on it).
'And I know that the chip is software from an experienced tuner who has installed it in many TDIs without any problems. When I use the original filter, everything is fine, but when I use the K&N filter, it smokes.'
and he doesn't just emit a little smoke, but a real black cloud that is clearly visible in the rearview mirror even during the day.

Best regards,
Marco

Hello Max,

Perhaps your K&N filter is simply over-oiled, oiled with the wrong type of oil, or excessively dirty.
The cleaning cycles specified by K&N are unrealistic.
Besides that, I don't particularly like fabric air filters; please see the article "Comparison of Paper Air Filters vs. Fabric Air Filters" for the pros and cons.
If the original filter fixes the problem, just leave it in.

Best regards, Rainer.